<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  

  
  <title>c++内存泄漏问题定位 | Abel&#39;Blog</title>
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
  <meta name="description" content="C++非常容易出现内存泄漏的问题。写一篇文章来总结这块的事情。 内存泄漏和内存野指针，是相伴随出现的。本质来自于堆内存处理的粗暴造成。 工具篇Windowsdotmemory 只能检查.net工程。 vld Visual Leak Detector 代码比较古老，只能支持到vs2015版本。 NuMega BoundsChecker DebugDial 这个工具是微软出品的。 参考这份文档：使用D">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta property="og:title" content="c++内存泄漏问题定位">
<meta property="og:url" content="http://example.com/2021/07/28/2021/2021-03-29-C++%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E6%B3%84%E6%BC%8F%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D/index.html">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Abel&#39;Blog">
<meta property="og:description" content="C++非常容易出现内存泄漏的问题。写一篇文章来总结这块的事情。 内存泄漏和内存野指针，是相伴随出现的。本质来自于堆内存处理的粗暴造成。 工具篇Windowsdotmemory 只能检查.net工程。 vld Visual Leak Detector 代码比较古老，只能支持到vs2015版本。 NuMega BoundsChecker DebugDial 这个工具是微软出品的。 参考这份文档：使用D">
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://z3.ax1x.com/2021/04/06/clsxxS.png">
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2021-07-28T03:33:01.251Z">
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2021-04-06T05:37:22.578Z">
<meta property="article:author" content="Abel Sean">
<meta property="article:tag" content="C++">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://z3.ax1x.com/2021/04/06/clsxxS.png">
  
    <link rel="alternate" href="/atom.xml" title="Abel&#39;Blog" type="application/atom+xml">
  
  
    <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.png">
  
  
    <link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Code+Pro" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
  
  
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css">

<meta name="generator" content="Hexo 5.4.0"></head>

<body>
  <div id="container">
    <div id="wrap">
      <header id="header">
  <div id="banner"></div>
  <div id="header-outer" class="outer">
    <div id="header-title" class="inner">
      <h1 id="logo-wrap">
        <a href="/" id="logo">Abel&#39;Blog</a>
      </h1>
      
    </div>
    <div id="header-inner" class="inner">
      <nav id="main-nav">
        <a id="main-nav-toggle" class="nav-icon"></a>
        
          <a class="main-nav-link" href="/">Home</a>
        
          <a class="main-nav-link" href="/archives">Archives</a>
        
      </nav>
      <nav id="sub-nav">
        
          <a id="nav-rss-link" class="nav-icon" href="/atom.xml" title="RSS Feed"></a>
        
        <a id="nav-search-btn" class="nav-icon" title="Search"></a>
      </nav>
      <div id="search-form-wrap">
        <form action="//google.com/search" method="get" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="search-form"><input type="search" name="q" class="search-form-input" placeholder="Search"><button type="submit" class="search-form-submit">&#xF002;</button><input type="hidden" name="sitesearch" value="http://example.com"></form>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</header>
      <div class="outer">
        <section id="main"><article id="post-2021/2021-03-29-C++内存泄漏问题定位" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
  <div class="article-meta">
    <a href="/2021/07/28/2021/2021-03-29-C++%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E6%B3%84%E6%BC%8F%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D/" class="article-date">
  <time datetime="2021-07-28T03:33:01.251Z" itemprop="datePublished">2021-07-28</time>
</a>
    
  </div>
  <div class="article-inner">
    
    
      <header class="article-header">
        
  
    <h1 class="article-title" itemprop="name">
      c++内存泄漏问题定位
    </h1>
  

      </header>
    
    <div class="article-entry" itemprop="articleBody">
      
        <p>C++非常容易出现内存泄漏的问题。写一篇文章来总结这块的事情。</p>
<p>内存泄漏和内存野指针，是相伴随出现的。本质来自于堆内存处理的粗暴造成。</p>
<h1 id="工具篇"><a href="#工具篇" class="headerlink" title="工具篇"></a>工具篇</h1><h2 id="Windows"><a href="#Windows" class="headerlink" title="Windows"></a>Windows</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.jetbrains.com/dotmemory/">dotmemory</a> 只能检查.net工程。</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://archive.codeplex.com/?p=vld">vld</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://kinddragon.github.io/vld/">Visual Leak Detector</a> 代码比较古老，只能支持到vs2015版本。</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.microfocus.com/en-us/products/devpartner/overview">NuMega BoundsChecker</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-US/download/details.aspx?id=58210">DebugDial</a> 这个工具是微软出品的。</p>
<p>参考这份文档：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/xiaoyafang123/article/details/76589485?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-baidujs_title-0&spm=1001.2101.3001.4242">使用Debug Diagnostic Tool排除内存泄漏故障</a></p>
<h2 id="Linux"><a href="#Linux" class="headerlink" title="Linux"></a>Linux</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/gperftools/gperftools">gperftools</a> 非侵入式的内存检查工具。可以通过LD_PRELOAD来设置</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.valgrind.org/">valgrand</a> 非侵入式的内存检查工具。不过对于大项目，不算太友好；需要一台比较好的机器来跑。</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://clang.llvm.org/">clang</a> Address Sanitizer 工具。</p>
<p>这里我们做了一个例子来演示，它如何检查服务器的内存泄露：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@VM_0_13_centos cpp_leak_sample]<span class="comment"># clang++ -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG -g -o main -fsanitize=address -std=c++11 ./main.cpp</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@VM_0_13_centos cpp_leak_sample]<span class="comment"># ./main </span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">=================================================================</span><br><span class="line">==28593==ERROR: LeakSanitizer: detected memory leaks</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Direct leak of 4 byte(s) <span class="keyword">in</span> 2 object(s) allocated from:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#0 0x526a08 in operator new[](unsigned long) (/root/learn/cpp/cpp_leak_sample/main+0x526a08)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#1 0x52aeda in main /root/learn/cpp/cpp_leak_sample/./main.cpp:21:19</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#2 0x7f1ddf091554 in __libc_start_main (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x22554)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: 4 byte(s) leaked <span class="keyword">in</span> 2 allocation(s).</span><br><span class="line">[root@VM_0_13_centos cpp_leak_sample]<span class="comment"># vim ./main.cpp </span></span><br><span class="line">[root@VM_0_13_centos cpp_leak_sample]<span class="comment"># clang++ -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG -g -o main -fsanitize=address -std=c++11 ./main.cpp</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@VM_0_13_centos cpp_leak_sample]<span class="comment"># ./main </span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">=================================================================</span><br><span class="line">==3425==ERROR: LeakSanitizer: detected memory leaks</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Direct leak of 4 byte(s) <span class="keyword">in</span> 2 object(s) allocated from:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#0 0x526f88 in operator new[](unsigned long) (/root/learn/cpp/cpp_leak_sample/main+0x526f88)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#1 0x52b43f in leak_sample1() /root/learn/cpp/cpp_leak_sample/./main.cpp:24:19</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#2 0x52b96a in main /root/learn/cpp/cpp_leak_sample/./main.cpp:63:5</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#3 0x7f769f996554 in __libc_start_main (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x22554)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: 4 byte(s) leaked <span class="keyword">in</span> 2 allocation(s).</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://clang-analyzer.llvm.org/">Clang Static Analyzer</a> 静态分析工具。</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://clang.llvm.org/docs/UsersManual.html#options-to-control-error-and-warning-messages">clang控制error-warnning信息的选项</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizerLeakSanitizer">sanitizers的官方wiki</a></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ cat suppr.txt </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># This is a known leak.</span></span><br><span class="line">leak:FooBar</span><br><span class="line">$ cat lsan-suppressed.cc </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">void <span class="function"><span class="title">FooBar</span></span>() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  malloc(7);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">void <span class="function"><span class="title">Baz</span></span>() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  malloc(5);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">int <span class="function"><span class="title">main</span></span>() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  FooBar();</span><br><span class="line">  Baz();</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">return</span> 0;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">$ clang++ lsan-suppressed.cc -fsanitize=address</span><br><span class="line">$ ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=1 LSAN_OPTIONS=suppressions=suppr.txt ./a.out</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">=================================================================</span><br><span class="line">==26475==ERROR: LeakSanitizer: detected memory leaks</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Direct leak of 5 byte(s) <span class="keyword">in</span> 1 object(s) allocated from:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#0 0x44f2de in malloc /usr/home/hacker/llvm/projects/compiler-rt/lib/asan/asan_malloc_linux.cc:74</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#1 0x464e86 in Baz() (/usr/home/hacker/a.out+0x464e86)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#2 0x464fb4 in main (/usr/home/hacker/a.out+0x464fb4)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#3 0x7f7e760b476c in __libc_start_main /build/buildd/eglibc-2.15/csu/libc-start.c:226</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">-----------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">Suppressions used:[design document](AddressSanitizerLeakSanitizerDesignDocument)</span><br><span class="line">  count      bytes template</span><br><span class="line">      1          7 FooBar</span><br><span class="line">-----------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: 5 byte(s) leaked <span class="keyword">in</span> 1 allocation(s).</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/jemalloc/jemalloc/wiki/Use-Case%3A-Leak-Checking">Jemalloc检查内存泄漏</a></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># Jemalloc编译的时候，需要将调试信息开启，否则无法启用检查内存的功能；</span></span><br><span class="line">./configure --enable-log --enable-debug --enable-prof-libunwind --enable-prof CXX=clang++ CC=clang</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 参考资料</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># : Invalid conf pair: prof:true</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># https://github.com/jemalloc/jemalloc/issues/175</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># In all likelihood the jemalloc build you are using didn&#x27;t have --enable-prof specified to the configurescript when it was built. You can verify this via the opt.stats_print mallctl to print out configuration information, or you can query config.prof directly.</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 编译出来的位置</span></span><br><span class="line">/usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/lib/libjemalloc.so.2</span><br><span class="line">/usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/lib/libjemalloc.so</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 在命令行里面启动服务器gs，增加一些参数，来开始检测内存泄漏</span></span><br><span class="line">MALLOC_CONF=prof_leak:<span class="literal">true</span>,lg_prof_sample:0,prof_final:<span class="literal">true</span> \</span><br><span class="line">LD_PRELOAD=/usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/lib/libjemalloc.so ./gs</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">export</span> MALLOC_CONF=<span class="string">&quot;prof:true,lg_prof_sample:1,prof_accum:false,prof_prefix:jeprof.out&quot;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>sanitizers 的内存泄漏检查，是关闭服务器之后才能看到结果。<br>如果是运行期的内存泄漏问题，还是需要通过dump heap来做对比。<br>jemalloc/tcmalloc都能做这样的事情。<br>jeprof可以用来比较两个dump(显示增量部分)：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># /usr/local/jemalloc-5.1.0/bin/jeprof a.out --base=jeprof.34584.2.i2.heap jeprof.34584.3.i3.heap</span></span><br><span class="line">Using <span class="built_in">local</span> file a.out.</span><br><span class="line">Using <span class="built_in">local</span> file jeprof.34584.3.i3.heap.</span><br><span class="line">Welcome to jeprof!  For <span class="built_in">help</span>, <span class="built_in">type</span> <span class="string">&#x27;help&#x27;</span>.</span><br><span class="line">(jeprof) top</span><br><span class="line">Total: 1.6 MB</span><br><span class="line">     1.1  66.2%  66.2%      1.1  66.2% do_something_else</span><br><span class="line">     0.5  33.8% 100.0%      0.5  33.8% do_something</span><br><span class="line">     0.0   0.0% 100.0%      1.6 100.0% __libc_start_main</span><br><span class="line">     0.0   0.0% 100.0%      1.6 100.0% _start</span><br><span class="line">     0.0   0.0% 100.0%      1.6 100.0% main</span><br><span class="line">(jeprof)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">$ jeprof  --show_bytes --pdf ./cpp_leak_sample jeprof.10395.1.i1.heap &gt; a.pdf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>最终的效果：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://imgtu.com/i/clsxxS"><img src="https://z3.ax1x.com/2021/04/06/clsxxS.png" alt="clsxxS.png"></a></p>
<p>valgrind ./cpp_leak_sample –leak-check=full</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">leak 512 byte</span><br><span class="line">==11344== Mismatched free() / delete / delete []</span><br><span class="line">==11344==    at 0x483CFBF: operator delete(void*) (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)</span><br><span class="line">==11344==    by 0x401428: leak_sample2() (cpp_leak_sample.cpp:69)</span><br><span class="line">==11344==    by 0x4014AA: main (cpp_leak_sample.cpp:84)</span><br><span class="line">==11344==  Address 0x4daa360 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 7 alloc&#x27;d</span><br><span class="line">==11344==    at 0x483C583: operator new[](unsigned long) (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)</span><br><span class="line">==11344==    by 0x401407: leak_sample2() (cpp_leak_sample.cpp:67)</span><br><span class="line">==11344==    by 0x4014AA: main (cpp_leak_sample.cpp:84)</span><br><span class="line">==11344==</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="出现过的问题集合"><a href="#出现过的问题集合" class="headerlink" title="出现过的问题集合"></a>出现过的问题集合</h1><p>分配了没有回收。很容易出现的问题，在于容器里面有指针，再清理的时候，没有将容器中的元素清理掉。</p>
<h1 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h1><ul>
<li>[1] <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/uyA5IYH4rasbz5vlT3dmeQ">五大内存泄露应对之策，好文必看！</a></li>
<li>[2] <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/LLVM">LLVM百度百科</a></li>
<li>[3] <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/google/sanitizers/">GoogleSanitizers</a></li>
<li>[4] <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://jemalloc.net/">Jemalloc</a></li>
<li>[5] <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.yuanguohuo.com/2019/01/02/jemalloc-heap-profiling/">通过jemalloc检查heap</a></li>
</ul>

      
    </div>
    <footer class="article-footer">
      <a data-url="http://example.com/2021/07/28/2021/2021-03-29-C++%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E6%B3%84%E6%BC%8F%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D/" data-id="ckrn3an7g001p20xwboom3p9t" class="article-share-link">Share</a>
      
      
  <ul class="article-tag-list" itemprop="keywords"><li class="article-tag-list-item"><a class="article-tag-list-link" href="/tags/C/" rel="tag">C++</a></li></ul>

    </footer>
  </div>
  
    
<nav id="article-nav">
  
    <a href="/2021/07/28/2021/2021-04-15-c++17-filesystem/" id="article-nav-newer" class="article-nav-link-wrap">
      <strong class="article-nav-caption">Newer</strong>
      <div class="article-nav-title">
        
          c++17-filesystem
        
      </div>
    </a>
  
  
    <a href="/2021/07/28/2021/2021-03-19-python-log/" id="article-nav-older" class="article-nav-link-wrap">
      <strong class="article-nav-caption">Older</strong>
      <div class="article-nav-title">python日志加工</div>
    </a>
  
</nav>

  
</article>

</section>
        
          <aside id="sidebar">
  
    

  
    
  <div class="widget-wrap">
    <h3 class="widget-title">Tags</h3>
    <div class="widget">
      <ul class="tag-list" itemprop="keywords"><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/3D/" rel="tag">3D</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/AI/" rel="tag">AI</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/C/" rel="tag">C++</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/Game/" rel="tag">Game</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/Go/" rel="tag">Go</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/Linux/" rel="tag">Linux</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/Math/" rel="tag">Math</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/Server/" rel="tag">Server</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/Unreal-Engine4/" rel="tag">Unreal Engine4</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/git/" rel="tag">git</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/golang/" rel="tag">golang</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/guitar/" rel="tag">guitar</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/node-js/" rel="tag">node.js</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/protobuf/" rel="tag">protobuf</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/python/" rel="tag">python</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/recast/" rel="tag">recast</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/redis/" rel="tag">redis</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/type/" rel="tag">type</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/vscode/" rel="tag">vscode</a></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4/" rel="tag">运维</a></li></ul>
    </div>
  </div>


  
    
  <div class="widget-wrap">
    <h3 class="widget-title">Tag Cloud</h3>
    <div class="widget tagcloud">
      <a href="/tags/3D/" style="font-size: 10px;">3D</a> <a href="/tags/AI/" style="font-size: 11.67px;">AI</a> <a href="/tags/C/" style="font-size: 15px;">C++</a> <a href="/tags/Game/" style="font-size: 18.33px;">Game</a> <a href="/tags/Go/" style="font-size: 13.33px;">Go</a> <a href="/tags/Linux/" style="font-size: 13.33px;">Linux</a> <a href="/tags/Math/" style="font-size: 11.67px;">Math</a> <a href="/tags/Server/" style="font-size: 16.67px;">Server</a> <a href="/tags/Unreal-Engine4/" style="font-size: 10px;">Unreal Engine4</a> <a href="/tags/git/" style="font-size: 10px;">git</a> <a href="/tags/golang/" style="font-size: 20px;">golang</a> <a href="/tags/guitar/" style="font-size: 10px;">guitar</a> <a href="/tags/node-js/" style="font-size: 10px;">node.js</a> <a href="/tags/protobuf/" style="font-size: 10px;">protobuf</a> <a href="/tags/python/" style="font-size: 10px;">python</a> <a href="/tags/recast/" style="font-size: 11.67px;">recast</a> <a href="/tags/redis/" style="font-size: 10px;">redis</a> <a href="/tags/type/" style="font-size: 10px;">type</a> <a href="/tags/vscode/" style="font-size: 10px;">vscode</a> <a href="/tags/%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4/" style="font-size: 16.67px;">运维</a>
    </div>
  </div>

  
    
  <div class="widget-wrap">
    <h3 class="widget-title">Archives</h3>
    <div class="widget">
      <ul class="archive-list"><li class="archive-list-item"><a class="archive-list-link" href="/archives/2021/07/">July 2021</a></li></ul>
    </div>
  </div>


  
    
  <div class="widget-wrap">
    <h3 class="widget-title">Recent Posts</h3>
    <div class="widget">
      <ul>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/2021/07/28/2021/2021-07-19-etcd-learn/">go-etcd阅读笔记</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/2021/07/28/2021/2021-06-22-go-ethereum-learn/">go-ethereum阅读笔记</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/2021/07/28/2021/2021-06-21-server%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/">server测试工具</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/2021/07/28/2021/2021-06-09-pprof-doc/">go-pprof</a>
          </li>
        
          <li>
            <a href="/2021/07/28/2021/2021-04-19-c++-metaprogramming/">c++metaprogramming</a>
          </li>
        
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div>

  
</aside>
        
      </div>
      <footer id="footer">
  
  <div class="outer">
    <div id="footer-info" class="inner">
      &copy; 2021 Abel Sean<br>
      Powered by <a href="http://hexo.io/" target="_blank">Hexo</a>
    </div>
  </div>
</footer>
    </div>
    <nav id="mobile-nav">
  
    <a href="/" class="mobile-nav-link">Home</a>
  
    <a href="/archives" class="mobile-nav-link">Archives</a>
  
</nav>
    

<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.3/jquery.min.js"></script>


  
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.css">

  
<script src="/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.pack.js"></script>




<script src="/js/script.js"></script>




  </div>
</body>
</html>